- 
            Much improved Karatsuba sqrt for cpp_int/cpp_bin_float.
          
- 
            Added C++11 compatible to_stringfree function.
- 
            Fixed bug in Lehmer GCD code, see #322.
          
- 
            Fixed debug_adaptor/logged_adaptor to work better with complex, rational
            and interval types, see #329.
          
- 
            Big update to mixed-variable precision arithmetic code with better options
            and thread safety, see docs.
          
- 
            Fixed up hashing of bools and enums when creating hash values.
          
- 
            Improved conversions to and from enum types.
          
- 
            Restricted use of Intel intrinsics to when we really are building for
            Intel even though the header may be available, see #321.
          
- 
            Tidied up Lanczos approximation usage, in conjunction with Boost.Math
            this improves the reliability and accuracy of many special functions.
          
- 
            Fix use of libtommath deprecated features.
          
- 
            Fixed missing sqrt overload, see #319.
          
- 
            Added Karatsuba multiplication to cpp_dec_float to bring it into line
            with the other types in this library.
          
- 
            Added some minor optimizations to mpfr comparison operators.
          
- 
            BREAKING CHANGE: Massive refactoring
            and code simpification makes C++11 an absolute requirement.
          
- 
            Use BOOST_TRY/CATCH in headers so code can be use din s=exception-free
            environments.
          
- 
            Correct corner case in pow, fixes #277.
          
- 
            Correct exception type thrown to match docs in lsb/msb: fixes #257.
          
- 
            Allow moves and operators between related but different types (ie types
            with the same allocator), fixes #278.
          
- 
            Much improved gcd and modulus operations for cpp_int.
          
- 
            Improved addition/subtraction routines for cpp_int
            via Intel's intrinsics.
          
- 
            gmp_int:
            add better conversion routines for long
            longand__int128.
- 
            mpfr_float:
            Fix log1pcorner case.
- 
            Improve accuracy of complex tan/tanh.
          
- 
            Improve accuracy of trig functions for cpp_bin_float.
          
- 
            IMPORTANT: Mark C++03 support as deprecated and due for removal in 2021.
          
- 
            Big update to cpp_int
            adds faster Karatsuba and Coomba multiplication routines.
          
- 
            Fix conversion of gmp_rational
            to long doubleand__float128, fixes
            #178.
- 
            Fix up libtommath support to function with the latest libtom releases.
          
- 
            Fix up some incompatibilities with the latest Intel C++ compiler.
          
- 
            Fix up constexprarithmetic
            support for forthcoming MSVC release.
- 
            Big constexprupdate allows
            cpp_int
            and float128
            arithmetic to be fullyconstexprwith gcc and clang 9 or later, or any compiler supportingstd::is_constant_evaluated().
- 
            Support hexfloat io-formatting for float128.
          
- 
            Fix various bugs in variable precision interconversions.
          
- 
            Respect uppercase for '0x' prefix outputs.
          
- 
            Incorporate some unit tests from the Etherium project.
          
- 
            Fix some gcc warnings.
          
- 
            Fix various conversion issues in the traits classes, check for compatibility
            with Boost.Optional.
          
- 
            Prevent instantiation of std::numeric_limitson any old type when checking for convertibility. See #98.
- 
            Update variable precision code to accound for arbitrary precision integers.
            See #103.
          
- 
            Add support for XML serialization archives.
          
- 
            Fix bug in fixed precision iostream formatting in mpf_floatandmpfr_float. See
            #113.
- 
            Add more overloads for special functions which are better handled natively
            by MPFR.
          
- 
            Fixed bug in generic expimplementation which could cause invariant failure.
- 
            Fixed generic conversion from float to integer to avoid undefined behaviour.
            See #110.
          
- 
            Big update to better support variable precision types so that the precision
            of the result is always the largest of all the arguments.
          
- 
            Add support for allocators that are finalin cpp_int.
- 
            Removed use of deprecated Boost.Endian in favour of Predef.
          
- 
            Add support for std::string_view.
- 
            Fixed minor bug in constant initialization. See #67.
          
- 
            Make assignment of non-finite value to cpp_inta runtime errors. See #58.
- 
            Added typedefs for cpp_bin_float_octandcpp_complex_oct.
- 
            Support added for complex multiprecision numbers.
          
- 
            Changed conversion to unsigned integer types to be truncating to match
            standard defined behaviour.
          
- 
            Correct bug in MPFR string formatting.
          
- 
            Fix undefined behaviour in cpp_dec_float conversion from long long.
          
- 
            Add support for Eigen interoperability.
          
- 
            float128.hpp: Fix Intel on Windows build.
          
- 
            Fix type used in temporaries when expanding expression templates containing
            mixed expressions.
          
- 
            Fix infinite loop in gmp_float to fixed-point string conversion.
          
- 
            Update the expression templates to issue static_asserts with better error
            messages when you try and do something unsupported.
          
- 
            Fix bug in cpp_int where incrementing to zero doesn't set the sign correctly.
          
- 
            Remove erroneous use of std::move, and rely on NVRO instead.
          
- 
            Fix up support for changes to MPIR-3.0.
          
- 
            Fix various conversion errors in cpp_bin_float when the exponent type
            is a long long,
            or else we're converting to an integer that is wider than we are.
- 
            Fix compatibility issue with GCC-8 caused by the introduction of std::byte.
- 
            Breaking Change: When converting a multiprecision
            integer to a narrower type, if the value is too large (or negative) to
            fit in the smaller type, then the result is either the maximum (or minimum)
            value of the target type. This was always the intended behaviour, but
            was somewhat haphazardly enforced before. If you really do want just
            the low order N bits of a value, then you will need to mask these out
            prior to the case, for example: static_cast<unsigned>(~static_cast<unsigned>(0) & my_value).
            Note that technically (to avoid undefined behaviour) you should do the
            same thing with fundamental
            (built-in) integer types too. See #13109.
- 
            Fix bug in conversion of decimal to rational types (zero needs special
            handling), see #13148.
          
- 
            Fix conversion from cpp_bin_float to a wider fundamental
            (built-in) integer type, see #13301.
          
- 
            Improve performance heurists used in cpp_bin_float exp function.
          
- 
            Fix bug in floor/ceil and cpp_bin_float when the exponent type is wider
            than an int, see #13264.
          
- 
            Disable explicit conversion operator when the target type is already
            constructible from this type, see #30.
          
- 
            Fix support for changes new to MPIR-3.0, see #13124.
          
- 
            Updated expression templates to store arithmetic literals directly in
            the expression template to prevent dangling references, see #19.
          
- 
            Fix various issues with huge values and overflow in the trig, pow and
            exp functions, see #24.
          
- 
            Fix error handling of checked cpp_int multiply that could cause some
            overflows to be missed.
          
- 
            In cpp_bin_floatprevent
            double rounding when converting to a denormalized float. See #12527.
- 
            Fix bug in integer sqrt for very small integers. See #12559.
          
- 
            Fix conversion to signed-zero in cpp_bin_float.
- 
            Change cpp_bin_floatrounding code to round at arbitrary location so we can use it for conversions,
            see #12527.
- 
            Improve performance of 128-bit bit-scan operations.
          
- 
            Fix subtraction of very small quantities in cpp_bin_float.
            See: #12580.
- 
            Bring error handling into line with C99 Annex F. See #12581.
          
- 
            Fix bitwise export of trivial cpp_int's,
            see #12627.
- 
            Fix ilogb(and code that
            uses it) to consistently return the smallest value of the exponent type
            when the argument is zero, see #12625.
- 
            Allow conversion from float128tocpp_bin_float.
- 
            Fix bug in left shift of cpp_intwhich would result in bit-loss, see #12790.
- 
            Fixed bugs in bounded but variable precision cpp_int's
            caused by over-aggressive constexpr optimization, see #12798.
- 
            Added support for all the C99 math functions.
          
- 
            Extended generic-interconversions to handle narrowing cases as well,
            changed convert_to member function and hence explicit conversion operators
            to use the same conversion code as the explicit constructors.
          
- 
            Fix IO stream parsing error, see #12488.
          
- 
            Make default constructed floating point types all zero for consistency,
            see #12500.
          
- 
            Fix conversion of cpp_bin_float to float/double/long double when the
            exponent value would overflow an int, see #12512.
          
- 
            Fix cpp_bin_float subtractions that yield signed-zeros, see #12524.
          
- 
            Fix ceil/trunc/round applied to cpp_bin_float and yielding a signed zero,
            see #12525.
          
- 
            Added support for hashing via Boost.Hashorstd::hash.
- 
            Fixed some arithmetic operations in cpp_bin_float and cpp_dec_float that
            should generate a NaN, see #12157.
          
- 
            Prevent inadvertant instantiation of variable-precision mpfr_float_backendwith fixed allocation.
- 
            Fixed division over/underflow in cpp_bin_float, see #12167.
          
- 
            Added support for signed-zeros throughout the library, including support
            for signbitandcopysign, mpfr, float128, and cpp_bin_float
            types should now respect signed-zeros correctly.
- 
            Fixed bug in conversion of cpp_bin_float infinities to double etc, see
            #12196.
          
- 
            Fix add and subtract of cpp_bin_float when the exponents would overflow.,
            see #12198.
          
- 
            Improve variable-precision support in mpfr and mpf backends, allow these
            types to be used with Boost.Math.
          
- 
            Fixed bug in subtraction of signed infinities in cpp_bin_float, see
            #12209.
          
- 
            Fix result of sqrt(infinity) in cpp_bin_float (result should be infinity),
            see #12227.
          
- 
            Added workaround in gmp.hpp for recent MPIR releases which are not quite
            source-compatible with GMP on Windows x64.
          
- 
            Allow cpp_intcode to
            be used with /RTCc with MSVC.
- 
            Fix conversion of cpp_intto signed integer when the result is INT_MIN, see #12343.
- 
            Update uBlas support to match latest uBlas code.
          
- 
            Fix some errors present when building on big-endian machines (not all
            cpp_intconstructors
            are available on non-little-endian machines).
- 
            Fix fencepost error in rational to float conversion routines, see #12327.
          
- 
            Fix some Oracle C++ compiler compatibility issues.
          
- 
            Add modf support to complete C90 compatibility.
          
- 
            Fix self assignment bug in expression template code for expressions such
            as a =
            a *
            a *
            a, see #12408.
- 
            Fixed some compiler errors that occur when converting from cpp_inttocpp_bin_float.
- 
            Fixed bug in stream input for integer types, see #11857.
          
- 
            Fixed some ambiguous conversions involving expression templates see
            #11922.
          
- 
            Add expression template aware min/max overloads see #11149.
          
- 
            Fix bug in right shifting negative small integers in cpp_int see #11999.
          
- 
            Use memmove for bitshifts in cpp_int when possible see #9233.
          
- 
            Use memcpy for data import into cpp_int where possible, see #9235.
          
- 
            Changed cpp_bin_float.convert_to<double>()to a function template rather than
            proceding vialong doubleto avoid double-rounding bug, see #12039.
- 
            Fixed conversions from NaNs and Infinities, see #12112.
          
- 
            Enabled better support for Clang on Windows.
          
- 
            Fixed handling of NaNs and Infinities in basic arithmetic for cpp_dec_float
            and cpp_bin_float, see #12090.
          
- 
            Fixed fencepost error in cpp_bin_float subtraction.
          
- 
            Fixed double-rounding in conversion to float routines for cpp_bin_float,
            see #12039.
          
- 
            Make float128 denorm aware, see #12075.
          
- 
            Allow the library and tests to be used without exception handling support,
            see #12070.
          
- 
            Fixed buggy comparison operator overloads for boost::rational.
          
- 
            Added some workarounds for Oracle C++.
          
- 
            Fixed some missing typecasts for cases where cpp_int's limb_type is wider
            than unsigned.
          
- 
            Fixed result of Miller Rabin primality test for value 2, see #11495.
          
- 
            Improved initialization of cpp_int from very large strings of hex or
            octal digits, see #11590.
          
- 
            Fixed fmod behaviour for negative divisors, see #11641.
          
- 
            Fixed infinite division loop in cpp_int special case, see #11648.
          
- 
            Patched missing return statement in #11762.
          
- 
            Fixed mixed mode arithmetic compiler error in #11764.
          
- 
            Fixed over-aggressive use of noexcept in #11826.
          
- 
            Depricated boost/multiprecision/random.hpp as it's no longer needed,
            updated random examples to match.
          
- 
            Fixed a bug in cpp_intright shift operator when shifting negative values - semantics now gives
            the same values as shifting 2's compliment integers, though not the same
            bit pattern.
- 
            Fixed support for GCC-4.6.4 in C++0x mode by disabling conditional noexcept
            suppoprt for that compiler see #11402.
          
- 
            Suppressed numerous compiler warnings.
          
- 
            Changed frexpto always
            be non-expression template generating, see: 10993.
- 
            Improved support of cpp_dec_float on Cygwin and other platforms with
            missing long double support, see 10924.
          
- 
            Improved noexcept support and added some more tests, see 10990.
          
- 
            Various workarounds applied for Intel-15.0 and Solaris-12.4 compilers.
          
- 
            Changed rational to float conversions to exactly round to nearest, see
            10085.
          
- 
            Added improved generic float to rational conversions.
          
- 
            Fixed rare bug in exponent function for cpp_bin_float.
          
- 
            Fixed various minor documentation issues.
          
- 
            Change floating-point to rational conversions to be implicit, see 10082.
          
- 
            Fix definition of checked_cpp_rational typedef.
          
- 
            Fix bug in assignment from string in cpp_int, see 9936.
          
- 
            Moved to Boost.Multiprecision specific version number - we have one breaking
            change in Boost-1.54 which makes this major version 2, plus two releases
            with new features since then.
          
- 
            Added new cpp_bin_float
            backend for binary floating-point.
          
- 
            Added MSVC-specific #include for compiler intrinsics, see 9336.
          
- 
            Fixed various typos in docs, see 9432.
          
- 
            Fixed gmp_rational
            to allow move-copy from an already copied-from object, see 9497.
          
- 
            Added list of values for numeric_limits.
          
- 
            Added support for Boost.Serialization.
          
- 
            Suppressed some GCC warnings. See 8872.
          
- 
            Fixed bug in pow for large integer arguments. See 8809.
          
- 
            Fixed bug in pow for calculation of 0N. See 8798.
          
- 
            Fixed bug in fixed precision cpp_int IO code that causes conversion to
            string to fail when the bit count is very small (less than CHAR_BIT).
            See 8745.
          
- 
            Fixed bug in cpp_int that causes left shift to fail when a fixed precision
            type would overflow. See 8741.
          
- 
            Fixed some cosmetic warnings from cpp_int. See 8748.
          
- 
            Fixed calls to functions which are required to be macros in C99. See
            8732.
          
- 
            Fixed bug that causes construction from INT_MIN, LONG_MIN etc to fail
            in cpp_int. See 8711.
          
- 
            Breaking change renamed rational_adaptertorational_adaptor.
- 
            Add support for MPFI.
          
- 
            Add logged_adaptor.
          
- 
            Add support for 128-bit floats via GCC's __float128or Intel's_Quaddata
            types.
- 
            Add support for user-defined literals in cpp_int, improve constexprsupport.
- 
            Fixed bug in integer division of cpp_intthat results in incorrect sign ofcpp_intwhen both arguments are small enough to fit in adouble_limb_type.
            See 8126.
- 
            Fixed bug in subtraction of a single limb in cpp_intthat results in incorrect value when the result should have a 0 in the
            last limb: 8133.
- 
            Fixed bug in cpp_intwhere division of 0 by something doesn't get zero in the result: 8160.
- 
            Fixed bug in some transcendental functions that caused incorrect return
            values when variables are reused, for example with a
            = pow(a, b). See 8326.
- 
            Fixed some assignment operations in the mpfr and gmp backends to be safe
            if the target has been moved from: 8667.
          
- 
            Fixed bug in cpp_intthat gives incorrect answer for 0%N for large N: 8670.
- 
            Fixed set_precision in mpfr backend so it doesn't trample over an existing
            value: 8692.
          
- 
            Non-expression template operators further optimised with rvalue reference
            support.
          
- 
            Many functions made constexp.
- 
            Differentiate between explicit and implicit conversions in the number
            constructor.
          
- 
            Removed "mp_" prefix from types.
          
- 
            Allowed mixed precision arithmetic.
          
- 
            Changed ExpressionTemplates parameter to class numberto use enumerated values rather than true/false.
- 
            Changed ExpressionTemplate parameter default value to use a traits class
            so that the default value depends on the backend used.
          
- 
            Added support for fused-multiply-add/subtract with GMP support.
          
- 
            Tweaked expression template unpacking to use fewer temporaries when the
            LHS also appears in the RHS.
          
- 
            Refactored cpp_int_backendbased on review comments with new template parameter structure.
- 
            Added additional template parameter to mpfr_float_backendto allow stack-based allocation.
- 
            Added section on mixed precision arithmetic, and added support for operations
            yielding a higher precision result than either of the arguments.
          
- 
            Added overloads of integer-specific functions for fundamental
            (built-in) integer types.
          
- 
            2011-2012, John Maddock adds an expression template enabled front-end
            to Christopher's code, and adds support for other backends.
          
- 
            2011, Christopher Kormanyos publishes the decimal floating-point code
            under the Boost Software Licence. The code is published as: "Algorithm
            910: A Portable C++ Multiple-Precision System for Special-Function Calculations",
            in ACM TOMS, {VOL 37, ISSUE 4, (February 2011)} (C) ACM, 2011.
          
- 
            2002-2011, Christopher Kormanyos develops the all C++ decimal arithmetic
            floating-point code.